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Kurs: -- English - Intermediate Materijali vezani uz ovu lekciju: - Test present simple and present continuous tense - Present Simple and Present Continuous Tense (PDF dokument) The Present Simple Tense (sadašnje prosto vreme) Simple Present Tense (Prosto sadašnje vreme) se gradi od osnovnog oblika glagola (infinitiv bez to). Na primer, infinitiv sa «to» glagola raditi glasi to work a infinitiv bez «to» glasi work. Za sva lica osim za treće lice jednine potvrdni oblik prostog sadašnjeg vremena glasi work. Za treće lice se dodaje –s.
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| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| I work – Ja radim | We work – Mi radimo |
| You work – Ti radiš | You work – Vi radite |
| He works – On radi She works – Ona radi It works – Ono radi |
They work – Oni rade |
Nastavak –s u trećem licu jednine može imati različite oblike. Ukoliko se glagol završava na vokal o nastavak će glasiti –es, kao u primeru glagola go koji u 3. licu jednine glasi goes ili glagol do koji u 3. licu jednine glasi does.
Ukoliko se glagol završava na –ch, -sh, -x, -ss, nastavak takođe glasi –es. Na primer:
- He teaches (teach – predavati).
- She washes (wash – prati).
- He kisses (kiss – ljubiti).
- She fixes (fix – popravljati).
Ako se glagol završava na –y i ukoliko je ispred njega suglasnik, –y prelazi u –ie. Na primer:
- He cries (cry -plakati).
- It flies (fly – leteti).
Ako je ispred –y samoglasnik, nema promene.
- She plays (play – igrati).
- He stays (stay – ostati).
Izuzetak je glagol have (imati) koji u trećem licu glasi has.
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Simple Tense-u se gradi od pomoćnog glagola Do, odnosno Does (za treće lice jednine) i osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola. Sva pitanja se u engleskom jeziku dele na Yes/No pitanja i Wh- pitanja. Yes/No nemaju upitnu reč i na njih se može odgovoriti sa Da ili Ne. Wh- pitanja počinju upitnom rečju a one su: when, what, why, where, how, how much, how many...
Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Do I work? – Da li ja radim? | Do we work? – Da li mi radimo? |
| Do you work? – Da li ti radiš? | Do you work? – Da li vi radite? |
| Does he work? – Da li on radi? Does she work? – Da li ona radi? Does it work? – Da li ono radi? |
Do they work? – Da li oni rade? |
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Do I work? – Yes, I do / No, I don't | Do we work? - Yes, we do / No, we don't |
| Do you work? – Yes, you do / No, you don't. | Do you work? – Yes, you do / No, you don't |
| Does he work? – Yes, he does / No, he doesn't Does she work? – Yes, she does / No, she doesn't Does it work? – Yes, it does / No, it doesn't |
Do they work? –Yes, they do/No, they don't |
Upitni oblik – Wh- questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Where do I work? – Gde ja radim? | Where do we work? – Gde mi radimo? |
| Where do you work? – Gde ti radiš? | Where do you work? – Gde vi radite? |
| Where does he work? – Gde on radi? Where does she work? – Gde ona radi? Where does it work? – Gde ono radi? |
Where do they work? – Gde oni rade? |
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog obika pomoćnog glagola Do (odnosno Does za treće lice jednine) i osnovnog oblika glavnog glagola.
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| I do not (don't) work – Ja ne radim | We do not (don't) work – Mi ne radimo |
| You do not (don't) work – Ti ne radiš | You do not (don't) work – Vi ne radite |
| He does not (doesn't) work – On ne radi She does not (doesn't) work – Ona ne radi It does not (doesn't) work – Ono ne radi |
They do not (don't) work – Oni ne rade |
Upotreba
Prosto sadašnje vreme se koristi za:
1. Radnje koje se ponavljaju (navike, običaji, rutine)
- I get up at 6 o'clock. - Ja ustajem u 6 sati.
- She wears uniform at work. - Ona nosi uniformu na poslu.
- The English drink tea at 5 o'clock in the afternoon. - Englezi piju čaj u 5 sati popodne.
U ovom smislu se mogu koristiti i prilozi i fraze za učestalost (reči koje označavaju koliko često se dešava radnja). To su:
- Always - uvek
- usually - obično
- often - često
- sometimes - ponekad
- never - nikad
- every day - svakog dana
- every month - svakog meseca
- every year - svake godine, i sl.
- once a year - jedanput godišnje
- twice a day - dvaput dnevno
- three times a week - triput nedeljno, i sl.
Prilozi always, usually, often, sometimes, never dolaze pre glavnog glagola u potvrdnom obliku. Fraze every day, every month, twice a year... najčešće dolaze na kraju rečenice.
- I always go to school at 8 o'clock in the morning. - Ja uvek idem u školu u 8 sati ujutru.
- She usually drinks tea in the evening. - Ona obično pije čaj uveče.
- We never eat in the living room. - Mi nikad ne jedemo u dnevnoj sobi.
2. Opšte istine (nešto što je uvek tačno):
- People change money in banks. - Ljudi menjaju novac u bankama.
- A day has 24 hours. - Dan ima 24 časa.
- The Earth goes around the Sun. - Zemlja se okreće oko Sunca.
- The Sava flows into the Danube. - Sava se uliva u Dunav.
3. Karakteristike subjekta:
- He speaks English very well. - On dobro govori engleski.
- My sister plays the piano. - Moja sestra svira klavir
Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme)
Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO BE u Present Simple Tense-u (Prostom sadašnjem vremenu), tj. is/am /are + present participle (sadašnji particip) glavnog glagola.
Sadašnji particip se gradi kada se na infinitiv doda nastavak –ing:
- go – going
- sleep – sleeping
- work – working
Ako se glagol završava na jedan suglasnik ispred kojeg stoji kratak, naglašen samoglasnik, krajnji se suglasnik ispred –ing udvostručava. Na primer:
- hit – udariti particip: hitting
- stop – prestati particip: stopping
- permit – dopustiti particip: permitting
- begin – početi particip: beginning
Krajnje –l se uvek udvostručava. Na primer:
• travel – putovati particip: travelling
Potvrdni oblik
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| I am working – Ja radim | We are working – Mi radimo |
| You are working – Ti radiš | You are working – Vi radite |
| He is working – On radi She is working – Ona radi It is working – Ono radi |
They are working – Oni rade |
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Am I working? – Da li ja radim? | Are we working? – Da li mi radimo? |
| Are you working? – Da li ti radiš? | Are you working? – Da li vi radite? |
| Is he working? – Da li on radi? Is she working? – Da li ona radi? Is it working? – Da li ono radi? |
Are they working? – Da li oni rade? |
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Am I working? – Yes, I am / No, I`m not | Are we working? - Yes, we are / No, we aren’t |
| Are you working? – Yes, you are / No, you aren’t | Are you working? – Yes you are / No, you aren’t |
| Is he working? – Yes, he is / No, he isn’t Is she working? – Yes, she is / No, she isn’t Is it working? – Yes, it is / No, it isn’t |
Upitni oblik – Wh- questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Where am I working? – Gde ja radim? | Where are we working? – Gde mi radimo? |
| Where are you working? – Gde ti radiš? | Where are you working? – Gde vi radite? |
| Where is he working? – Gde on radi? Where is she working? – Gde ona radi? Where is it working? – Gde ono radi? |
Where are they working? – Gde oni rade? |
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik Present Continuous Tense-a (Sadašnjeg trajnog vremena) se gradi od odričnog oblika pomoćnog glagola TO BE u sadašnjem vremenu i Present Participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog glagola.
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| I am not (I'm not) working – Ja ne radim | We are not (aren't) working – Mi ne radimo |
| You are not (aren't) working – Ti ne radiš | You are not (aren't) working – Vi ne radite |
| He is not (isn't) working – On ne radi She is not (isn't) working – Ona ne radi It is not (isn't) working – Ono ne radi |
They are not (aren't) working – Oni ne rade |
Upotreba
Present Continuous Tense (Sadašnje trajno vreme) se koristi za:
- Radnju koja se dešava u trenutku govora, te se stoga uz njega često nalaze vremenske odrednice now (sada) i at the moment (u ovom trenutku):
- She is reading a book at the moment. - Ona trenutno čita knjigu.
- Privremenu radnju:
- We're living in my sister's flat until we find a new house to buy. - Živimo u kući moje sestre dok ne nađemo novu kuću da kupimo.
- Planove vezane za budućnost:
- I am visiting my sister next weekend. - Sledećeg vikenda ću posetiti svoju sestru.
Glagoli koji se ne upotrebljavaju u Present Continuous-u
Jedan broj glagola najčešće ne može da bude upotrebljen u trajnim vremenima. Najvažniji od njih su:
- hear – čuti,
- see – videti
- taste – okusiti
- smell – mirisati
- remember – setiti se
- understand – razumeti
- wish – želeti
- want – hteti
- know – znati itd.
Oni se, umesto u Present Continuous Tense-u, koriste u Present Simple Tense-u.
- I hear a noise in the next room. - Čujem nekakvu buku u susednoj sobi.
- Stop! Don't you see the red light? - Stani! Zar ne vidiš crveno svetlo?
- This cake tastes good. - Ovaj kolač ima dobar ukus.
- Do you remember our first dance? - Sećaš li se našeg prvog plesa?
- I wish you a lot of happiness. - Želim vam mnogo sreće.
- I know that you don't understand me. - Znam da me ne razumete.
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