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Kurs: -- English - Intermediate Materijali vezani uz ovu lekciju: - Test present perfect continuous tense - Present Perfect Continuous Tense (PDF dokument) Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Sadašnje svršeno trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO BE u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom vremenu), tj. have/has been i present participle-a (sadašnjeg participa) glavnog glagola.
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| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| I have been working – Ja sam radio | We have been working – Mi smo radili |
| You have been working – Ti si radio | You have been working – Vi ste radili |
| He has been working – On je radio She has been working – Ona je radila It has been working – Ono je radilo |
They have been working - Oni su radili |
Upitni oblik
Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Continuous Tense-u (Sadašnjem svršenom trajnom vremenu) se gradi kao upitni oblik Present Perfect Simple Tense-a tj. inverzijom (u odnosu na potvrdni oblik) pomoćnog glagola TO HAVE i lične zamenice.
Upitni oblik – Yes/No questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Have I been working? – Da li sam ja radio? | Have we been working? – Da li smo mi radili? |
| Have you been working? – Da li si ti radio? | Have you been working? – Da li ste vi radili? |
| Has he been working? – Da li je on radio? Has she been working? – Da li je ona radila? Has it been working? – Da li je ono radilo? |
Have they been working? – Da li su oni radili? |
Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledeći način:
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Have I been working? – Yes, I have / No, I haven't | Have we been working? - Yes, we have / No, we haven't |
| Have you been working? – Yes you have / No, you haven't |
Have you been working? – Yes, you have / No, you haven't |
| Has he been working? – Yes, he has / No, he hasn't Has she been working? – Yes, she has/ No, she hasn't Has it been working? – Yes, it has / No, it hasn't |
Have they been working? –Yes, they have / No, they haven't |
Upitni oblik – Wh- questions
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| Where have I been working? – Gde sam ja radio? | Where have we been working? – Gde smo mi radili? |
| Where have you been working? – Gde si ti radio? | Where have you been working? – Gde ste vi radili? |
| Where has he been working? – Gde je on radio? Where has she been working? – Gde je ona radila? Where has it been working? – Gde je ono radilo? |
Where have they been working? – Gde su oni radili? |
Odrični oblik
Odrični oblik se gradi od odričnog oblika glagola BE (u Present Perfect Simple Tensu) i Present Participle-a glavnog glagola.
| Jednina (singular) | Množina (plural) |
|---|---|
| I have not (haven't) been working – Ja nisam radio | We have not (haven't) been working – Mi nismo radili |
| You have not (haven't) been working – Ti nisi radio | You have not (haven't) been working – Vi niste radili |
| He has not (hasn't) been working – On nije radio She has not (hasn't) been working – Ona nije radila It has not (hasn't) been working – Ono nije radilo |
They have not (haven't) been working – Oni nisu radili |
Upotreba
Sadašnje svršeno trajno vreme se koristi za:
Radnju koja je započeta u prošlosti, još uvek traje i može se nastaviti u budućnosti.
- She has been learning English for three years. - Ona uči engleski već tri godine.
U ovom kontekstu koristimo priloge for i since.
For označava ukupan vremenski period trajanja radnje.
- I have been swimming for an hour. - Plivam već sat vremena.
Since označava početak dešavanja radnje.
- I have been living here since 1998. - Živim ovde od 1998.
Radnju koja se do skoro dešavala i ostavila jasne posledice u sadašnjosti:
- It has been raining. The ground is still wet. - Padala je kiša. Zemlja je još mokra.
Napomena: Kao što se iz prethodnih primera može videti, Present Perfect Continuous Tense se može prevesti i sadašnjim vremenom, u zavisnosti od konteksta.
Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Simple Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama koje su se dogodile u neodređenom trenutku u prošlosti i gde je jasno naznačeno da je radnja završena. Tako je pri upotrebi Present Perfect Tense-a subjekat više zainteresovan za rezultat radnje.
- Mary has bought a new car. - Meri je kupila novi auto.
- I have broken my leg. - Slomila sam nogu.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama za koje nismo sasvim sigurni da su završene.Ovim vremenom ističemo da smo više zainteresovani za dužinu trajanja radnje nego posledice koje ona ostavlja.
- He has been working for the same company since 1966. - On radi za istu kompaniju od 1966. godine.
- I have been talking to my sister for more than two hours. - Razgovarala sam sa svojom sestrom više od dva sata.
Tako se Present Perfect Simple koristi uz How much i How many, a Present Perfect Continuous Tense uz How long.
- How many cakes have you made? - Koliko kolača si napravila?
- How much sugar have you bought? - Koliko šećera si kupio?
- How long have you been making cakes? - Koliko dugo praviš kolače?
Razliku ćemo videti i u primerima:
- I have read the book. You can have it back. - Pročitala sam knjigu. Možeš je uzeti natrag.
- I have been reading the book, so you can't have it back. - Čitam knjigu, pa je ne možeš uzeti natrag.
U prvoj rečenici radnja je kompletirana dok u drugoj nije.
U nekim slučajevima oba vremena se mogu koristiti sa istim značenjem. Često sa glagolima Live i Work.
- I have been working for this company for 5 years. - Radim za ovu kompaniju već 5 godina.
- I have worked for this company for 5 years. - Radim za ovu kompaniju već 5 godina.
- I've been living in London since 1997. - Živim u Londonu od 1997.-e
- I've lived in London since 1997. - Živim u Londonu od 1997.-e
U slučajevima kada je dužina trajanja radnje naglašena, koristićemo Present Perfect Continuous.
- I have been working here for ages. - Radim ovde već godinama.
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