BAZA ZNANJA

Kurs: -- English - Intermediate

Modul: Passive Voice

Autor: prof. Gordana Matorkić

Naziv jedinice: Passive Voice

Glagoli imaju dva stanja: aktiv ili radno stanje i pasiv ili trpno stanje.

Ako subjekat rečenice vrši radnju, onda je glagol u aktivu.

• Somebody cleans the office every day. - Neko čisti ovu kancelariju svakog dana.

Ako subjekat rečenice trpi radnju, onda je glagol u Pasivu.

• The office is cleaned every day. - Ova kancelarija se čisti svakog dana.

Objekat aktivne rečenice (the office) postaje subjekat pasivne rečenice i dolazi na početak rečenice, a glavni glagol (clean) se stavlja u pasiv (is cleaned).

Pasiv se gradi od odgovarajućeg oblika glagola to be i past participle-a (prošlog participa) glavnog glagola.

Tako će u sadašnjem vremenu pasiv glagola clean glasiti:

• am cleaned, are cleaned, is cleaned (u zavisnosti od lica)

a u prošlom vremenu:

• was cleaned, were cleaned (u zavisnosti od lica)

Rečenica koju smo imali u sadašnjem vremenu, ovako bi izgledala u prošlom:

• Somebody cleaned the office yesterday - Neko je juče očistio ovu kancelariju. (aktiv)
• The office was cleaned yesterday - Ova kancelarija je očišćena juče. (pasiv)

Ostala vremena pasiva

Present Continuous

• Somebody is cleaning the office. (aktiv)
• The office is being cleaned. (pasiv)

Past Continuous

• Somebody was cleaning the office. (aktiv)
• The office was being cleaned. (pasiv)

Present Perfect

• Somebody has cleaned the office. (aktiv)
• The office has been cleaned. (pasiv)

Past Perfect

• Somebody had cleaned the office. (aktiv)
• The office had been cleaned. (pasiv)

Modali

• Somebody will clean the office. (aktiv)
• The office will be cleaned. (pasiv)
• Somebody can clean the office. (aktiv)
• The office can be cleaned. (pasiv)

Upotreba

Pasiv se koristi:

Kada ne znamo ko je izvršio radnju:

• The house was built in the 19th century. - Kuća je izgrađena u 19.-om veku.

Kada izvršilac radnje nije bitan:

• Wine is served during the lunch. - Vino se služi tokom ručka.

Ako želimo da označimo izvršioca radnje, koristimo predlog by:

• These cakes have been made by my mother. - Ove kolače je napravila moja majka.

Napomena: Samo prelazni glagoli (glagoli koji imaju objekat iza sebe) mogu da se stave u pasiv.